Beef Cow Inventory in the United States: A 64-Year Low in 2025

Beef Cow Inventory in the United States: A 63-Year Low in 2024

The latest USDA cattle inventory report highlights key shifts in beef cow numbers across the United States, revealing significant changes in the cattle industry. The total U.S. beef cow inventory declined slightly from 28.013 million head in 2024 to 27.863 million head in 2025, a decrease of 149,500 head.

States with the Largest Beef Cow Inventory

The five states with the highest beef cow inventory in 2025 are:

1. Texas – 4.075 million head (+60,000)

2. Oklahoma – 1.95 million head (+28,000)

3. Missouri – 1.864 million head (+34,000)

4. Nebraska – 1.552 million head (-45,000)

5. South Dakota – 1.455 million head (-45,000)

Texas continues to lead the nation with over 4 million head, reflecting strong resilience in the state’s cattle industry. Oklahoma and Missouri both posted gains, while Nebraska and South Dakota saw notable declines.

Biggest Increases in Beef Cow Inventory

Several states expanded their beef cow numbers in 2025:

• Texas: +60,000 head

• Missouri: +34,000 head

• Oklahoma: +28,000 head

• Alabama: +20,000 head

• Iowa: +15,000 head

• Wisconsin: +15,000 head

The increase in Texas is likely due to favorable weather conditions and strong market demand. Missouri and Oklahoma also experienced notable gains, reinforcing their positions as major cattle-producing states.

Biggest Decreases in Beef Cow Inventory

Conversely, several states saw significant reductions:

• Colorado: -48,000 head

• Nebraska: -45,000 head

• South Dakota: -45,000 head

• California: -40,000 head

• Kentucky: -38,000 head

• Wyoming: -20,000 head

Colorado posted the steepest decline, with nearly 50,000 fewer beef cows in 2025. Drought conditions, rising input costs, and shifting producer strategies may have contributed to these reductions. The sharp drops in Nebraska and South Dakota indicate a pullback in production in key Midwest regions.

Regional and Market Impact

The overall trend reflects a mixed outlook for the cattle market. While some states are growing their herds, others are reducing numbers due to economic pressures, drought, or industry shifts. The increase in Texas, Missouri, and Oklahoma suggests strong regional demand and recovery, while states like Colorado and Nebraska face potential challenges.

Looking ahead, factors such as weather conditions, feed availability, and market demand will continue to shape the beef cow inventory landscape. With shifting numbers across the U.S., industry participants must closely monitor these trends to make informed decisions on production and marketing strategies.